Speed-changing mechanism



v F. E. ROGERS. SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 4- I918- Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wilizesses:

F. E. ROGERS.

SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION men MAY 4.191s.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a y m E .7 N -WRN IN W xm Q G i Eb M 1 F. E. ROGERS.

SPEED-CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 4. 1918.

1 .41 0,722. Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET a.

F. E. ROGERS.

SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 4, IBIB. 1,410,722, Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

a $HEETS*SHEET 4.

Wil'nasses) F. E. ROGERS.

SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 4, 1918-.

1,41 0,722. v Patented Mar. 28, 1922,

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

N "1.1mm ,fllllllllil Wn'esses:

g ak m "-a m fi QQ G wg v w F. E. ROGERS. SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION mm MAY 4. 1916.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

J7 a 4/5? \l v ffjfja SPEED-CHANGING MECHANISM.

To all ii /mm it may concern: I

Be it known that I, FRED E. Rocnns, a citizen'of: the United States, and a resident of East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, haveinvented certain new 1 and useful Improvements in Speed Changing Mechanism, of wh ich the following is a specification. Y My invention relates to means for transmitting power at various speeds, and is applicable to numerous purposes and uses. My object is to provide a simple but adequate and effective device whereby a constant speed drive may be changed to a higher or a lower velocity ratio in order to meet the varying requirements of :work to be done by the driven mechanism.v \Vhile, as intimated,,the scope andutility of the invention is practically unlimited, the mechanical ex: pedients are essentially the same in all cases,

consisting. in the simplest construction and arrangement of-parts, of a driving element and a driven element, a series of interposed peripheral transmitting rollers axially inclined as related to the axis of either the driving or driven element, or to the axes of both, together with means for changing the axial inclination of said transmitting rollers as related to their peripheral contact with one or both of the other elei'nents,as hereinafter. morefully set forth. I

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. l, is atop view of one form of apparatus embodying the essential features of my invention; -Fig. 2. a central longitudinal sectional elevation taken .upon plane of line 2-2, Fig-1; w I

Fig, 23, is a transverse vertical section taken upon plane of line 3-3, Figs. 1 and2; Fig. 4, is a detail showing a-meth'od'ot mounting the tral'ismitting' rollersfin the apparatus shown in the preceding figures; F 5, is a diagram illustratingthe rela tivc arrangement of the two series'o'l' transmitting rollers used .in the apparatus shown in the preceding figures;

Fig. (3, is'a diagrammatic representation of views'taken at right angles to each other of a simple embodiment of my invention in which the transmitting rollers are mounted peripherally on a larger or main wheel. and contact with a pinion; I

Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically views,

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented D13 28, 192;; Application filed May 4, 1918. Serial No. 232,596.

taken at rightangles to each other, of an arrangement oil parts in which the transmitting rollers are mounted peripherally on a pinion and are" in contactual engagement with a-larger wheel;

Fig; 8, shows diagrammatically views, taken at right .angles to each other and illustrating an arrangement in which the transniitting rollers are mounted onthc face of a disc wheel and contact with the peripheral surface of another wheel;

Fig. 9, shows diagrammatically the converse of the arrangement of parts illustrated inFigS; i

Fig. 10,: is a diagrammatic representation of views, taken at right angles to each other, of an arrangementof parts in which anintermediate element is. interposed between the driving and the driven elements;

Fig. 11, shows similar views of an alternative varr'angementiin which the transmitting rollers are mounted on an intermediate element;

., Fig. 12, shows diagrammatically views, taken at right angles to each other, ot an arrangement of parts-in which an intermediate member is positionedbetween opposed dise members on which the transmit ting rollers are mounted; U

-Fig. 13,,shows the converse of the arrangement shown in Fig'JlQ, in that the traus mittii' g rollers are i'nounted on the intermediate member; I i i i Fig. 14, shows a modification of the arrangement of parts shown in 'Fig; 12;

[F 15, shows the alternative'o't the arrangement shown in Figfilt;

Fig; 16, shows diagrammatically views, taken at right angles to each other, in which the intermediate member is annular in form, and thetransmitting rollers are mounted peripherally 'on-bo'th the other elements;

Fig, 17. shows a modification. o'l the at rangenieut shown in F l6;

Fig.118, shows a: modifieationfin which the transmitting "rollers are mounted on an annular intermediate member;

Figs. 19 and 20, show other modifications in the mounting of the transmitting rollers and their relation to the other elements of the device;

l igs; 21 and 22, illustrate the'application of the principle of my invention to bevelled wheels; 3 v i fected by means of the transmitting rollers in drawin tio n, apra of the essential i device. for

real emhodiment features of my invention m a transmitting power atQdiii'erent peed although Ido'not limit myselfitheretwnor to y. w e hst ue nflslywgg emeet of minbr ant1s,sinee'it is, obv ous var ous modcations may, beresorfed' 1 p H in adapting my invention to "in ht sre d exigenciesof use ,WifllOlit" arting omthe spirit arid ifiteht thereo 'th gist of the invention consisting in the use of, the axially inclined transmittixig rollers fiir the p of increasing or diminishing the speed 0 the power transmitted from the driving'element to the driven element, or for'rever'sal: ofdi- $23? ofi motion, submnti'ally'as set With this understanding, it may be stated that initheconstmctio'nand arrangement of parts shown in the first three figures of the drawingseithen of the pulleys a,or b, (or their equivalents in the form of; gears) may be usedaas the driving'or' driven element, as may be fonndimost expedient. The pulley a, is rigidly attached to the power shaft mounted in the m, constituting upper; part; of. the column m; which tlih 1s mmgr-a1 withthebaselor bed mfioftheframe. T ..e..othen or: inner endot theipower shaft p, has rigidly mounted uponvitit wheel 0,0n which. aim, periphemill. mounted a series of roller ,c';-a'nd b -.the. mnflgigh rollers): eremvmeau tothe axes of WhlCh are inclined. asIrelafled-to-the axisof the carriers wheeLor eleinent on: which. they armmounted. i Thus thet mrmiens 0*, ofithe pitehliglletad'. are journalled inlbearings c,

Fig. 4:) the'axes cfi -ofidehioh a'refinqdmtnau angle offithietyndreatedto the axiaofthe. eam-ieriwheel c, 231k latter axis is coincideiit long! 31. nalaxisipflnfzthe powerlshefbgiz Of course this; angle Ofifihiltg d isnotarhitrary, and may be ,vel'iedito suit'apeeial requirementssofi' urpoeaand The p eysonequtvalentwheelb, is formed with a. .lal'hm-l' annular flangmezdzensibn bf on and in which a series of rollers b, are moimtedwwith their axes inclined in th oppositediuection. to those, of? the afpr esald pitch rollers c, on the wheel 0, and at an c alter-a o i tel l f iverg iic fioiii h iiiiis t l he 5? and the longitudinal axis p", of the power shaft P. e mmda-fiiagmmmaticaly in Fig. 5. We thus have a series of centripetally uni-singed rollers I), on the wheel I), opposed to the peri herally arranged series of; rollers 17, on t e power shafhmhflel. 0, and these 0 osed annular series of rollers are eccentric as related to each other because the wheel b, is mo unted eccehtrically as related tqthe pqwer shait That to,say h he ief etetab y mei n si 1 99M elf i l b b atansi emfi i tbwen Lth axial., n e his e lgiiid iee 11b xtee emfiyis ebovethe ong ax o fiwpowe lshiifl i Aleereehifi o tis e centricity of meant I attain, a creseentic pa e, i weea hw ea ea ssau P riph eralgrolfig 0", 0i1 jthe 'whgfelg, and, the a i er. series of. entr petal, 'plerebhogthe j ihasill rate P tfieeh hz; in ee yi' 'c t' iibeiae n.i etp t emzwigement the na lopwe'st part 0 saieLei esqeptic space a, the centers of said wheels c, b.

. In" thiscr ntic space a, I positipn a rotatable ann arintermediatory element e,,the axis,of' which is normal inhqr-iZontal e t hfl eafies 0,. h wh els c, but heisveenjhem, As shown in thehecompanying dmwin s this interrnediatory ele ment e, consists o the rim of as der, oi dish shapedwheel e',,the b by, of is rotatably mounted on a journal d,,proyided on the upper extremity of a'horizontall y adjustable arm rl, which is 'pivotally mtiunted 'on the bed mi of the frame. That is to sa the base of. of the arm or standapd'ldf; r on the bed-m, of 'mp and 1sfq1 ;m with a trunnion dz'w ih'iits' in asocheti m formed for it, in said'bed, m nst am axis of saidso'cket m, and tmmiion being coincidentwi ththe vertihalcenter p the intenned-iatory' annular senate, landj hence in line with a vertical plahel'projected thmugh-the-eemme n transverseicehtr of the two semes oirollersac', b, as'will beunder; stood by reference more particularly to Figs. Land2, in the plane hush- 3, 1 correspond. to the plluie last referral to i As ereinhefbr'e intimated thelixisof the wheel e, vertically considered, is bettiteen the axes of the wheels ac b; and itjnaybefshifted out of horia'ontal ar'allelism orali cut 12 therewith; and he d at aprescri "angle with relation thereto. To this Iend' I $011!! a segmental rack mf, onthe bed n'a-flcopeentric with thetmnnion socket m; and provide the base d,-of the 'stand'aiid or arm 1", with a 125 spring. detent lever (1; adapted to engage with the notches or teeth in said se ental rack m5. Byithis meansthe axis-of 't he; intermediatory wheel 0, may-be set rizonte lly several degrees on oneside or-the other'of 130 the longitudinal axis 32*, of the power shaft shaft p, and the axis of the wheel 6.

:Both faces (inner and outer) of the'intermediatory annular element 6, are preferably provided with contactual surfaces 6", of relatively high frictional 'co-eiiieiency,-being covered with leather or other suitable material, as may be found most expedient in effecting a suitable frictional grip on. the rollers; and the thickness of said annular intermediatory element a, is equal to the lesser width of the crescentic space s,-i. e., the lower area thereof in the arrangement of parts shown in the first three figures of the drawings, particularly Figs. 2and3, by reference to which itwill be seen that said intermediatory element 6, in this area is in contactual engagement with adjacent members of both sets of rollers c, b ,is in fact pinched between them. Fig. 2, shows the intermcdiatory element 0, as of concave-convex form in cross section, the peripheral rollers 0, being peripherally convex, andthe centripetal rollers 6 peripherally concave, so as to conform to and lit the said annular intermediatory element 6, when contacting therewith. I

A similar or-even better result may be attained by the use of the modified form of roller shown in Fig. 28, in which each roller, considered as a whole, is made in two contiguous sections. That is'to say instead of using one simple roller as shown in Figs. 2 andf3, for each roller element I provide a duplex roller made of two parts, (1 and 2) abutting at their inner ends, and mounted on studs Whose axes are inclined outward from the shaft axes a few degrees. The rollers are provided with ball bearings, and the supporting studs are screwedin tapped holesin the sides of the wheels. In this manner I provide aform'of roller that conforms to a slightly concave or convex surface without departingwidely from an essentially cylindrical form. Thus the utmost freedom of movementis secured, and waste effort and. frictional resistance is reduced .to a minimu n i i I i In this connection it may be stated that, as shown in Fig. 2, I preferto use ball bearings in the mounts for the powcr shaft "p,

and wheels 6, and e, for the purpose of producing a light running anti-friction appin ratus which will transmit power with a miniinner faces of these wheels, and an intermediate member, essentially a ring, secured to a cup shaped wheel and mounted on a hearing which is capable of angular adjustment as related to the axes of the driving and driven wheels. The roller axes, being inclined to the wheel axes, transmit the movement of the driving wheel to the intermediate ring member in a ratio depending on the angular adjustment of the latter. This is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 26. Thus, in this diagram let f, represent the driving wheel, 9", a roller element'and a, the belt or ring member. The axis of f, is rep resented by a:00, and the axis of the roller by 2z, while the direction of motion of f, is shown by y y Then the motion impart ed to e, is found by drawing from any point on y -;1 the line 1-2 parallel to v-v, which is at right angles to 2+2, and intersecting a, at 2. The line 23 is drawn from 2 parallel to y-g and intersects o v at 3. Thus we have formed a parallelogram of forces in which 4= 1 represents the direction and length of driving wheel movement, while 4 2 represents the direction and length of movement transmitted to c. It is evident that the resultant l-2 will depend on the angle at which the ring or belt 0, is constrained to move. Hence we control the velocity ratio by shifting the angular position of c, as it has been described. The motion imparted to c, is in turn transmitted to the driven wheel through a corresponding roller element. If the roller element on the driving wheel was set at the same angle as in the driven wheel it is evident the reverse action would take effect and change in velocity ratio would be neutralized. But I set the rollers in the driven wheelat the opposite angle of inclination and thus increase the effect produced in the first transformation. Fig. 27, 4-2 represents the direction and length of movement of 0, taken from Fig. 26. Now to lind the direction and amount of movement imparted to f, draw 25 parallel to o o, from 2 and intersecting y y at5. Draw 5-45 parallel to the path 0 intersecting o'v', at 6. Then we have a par allelogram l-'-25'6 in, which 4-5 the resultant motion that is imparted to f.

\Vhen the horizontal axis of the interme diatory wheel. a, is in pa rallelism with the axes of the wheels 7), and c, and power shaft,i. e., when all the axes are in align ment in the same vertical longitudinal plane, as in Figs. 1, 2 and3, the element a, will be in medial or neutral position, and said element 0, will then transmit the power from one wheel to the other at nearly the same yelocity ratio. If now the said intermediatory element a, be turned'even slightly on its vertical axis, (coincident with the line 3- 3, Fig. 2) by means of the handle (7 it is obvious that its relation to the axial in- Thus in clinqtiomot both; sets of rollers b will be ,c a ed, and that thespeedi oftransgnisq s h n e esandtfol th ee s heneinhefore,set foi'tih Fugthern ormnf; the;

element-e, beshiftetl on its vertical. axis through an angle greater than theangle of inclination of the rollers on either of the: wheels 0, or b, the directionofv the motion will be reversed.

Thus ifithepathof the frietionring e', is

inclined; to, an angle greater thantheanglemadeby o' 'v", Fig.'25, totlie roller azns then reverse. action takes plaee That 1s, when Wheel. f7, drives inthe cl reetron of the arroim 6 1s rivemcontrawise in; the directiomindicated by thearro alongside.

The graghie analysls o orees aetingnls developed, in. the same rnanner as ust deby drawing 9-L0.para1leto ,y,"y The resultant 7'9 shows thedlree tionendextent of movement; im artedtoe by the movement 7.--S of the,\v l1ee..f- I

The above description of. reversibility ap; plies of eonrse to the arrang ent of, arts illus ra ed, in. the first five j gnres o the aeeompanyingldrawings The same result may ,be attained. vvithont the intermediato ty memberv e, where, the, mllers are mountedi upon one on the other. oi twofvvheels a driver and a'driven, a ,in Figs. 23 and 24. In the case shown in fiighfli, thegollersare shown inclined at, an,tangle of ,say twenty degrees P: nism, $11128 by-me n th rs -f i e P!- may be used for eithenehange ofisge or, rev rsal of motion.

me u n h s atfllwnd d scribed. an,

b dim nt 0 m m-v q ilel p a paratnsfor varyin qt e speed, of trans:

of motion, now desire tocall-attention to vagjous mo ifiqations that may be resorted to intheap licationoftheessential principle involvedi -i. e., the intergosition botyveen a drivingand.driven element of axially in: clined rollers, and means fqr varyin and, regulating the COIltflJlPllfil lIlCliIlfitlOQ; e'reof with either the driving or driven element or both.

mission. ,of; gone; an reversal, of dire tion.

Lemma Thus in Fig sfi to .9. inelusiymmy rollers.

are shown as rn nteoh directly'Qn. 'one' or' the her- 9 hq ew iiemn evhi l0 to.22 .melusgye anintermediate el' at is included. ln the, combination; In, a these examples a change, of, axial inqlination. of any one of, the e ements means a change in contaotual. pitqhiahd, a conseqnent change ins eed ofltransnrission.

, hat I- elaimas m inventionjanidesire to se' ur yL tt tent is, i. v

1. In speedgc 'ng mechanism of the aract r es g q gi i i dr' 1 e; d1 ii fii fi l' gr' mr Macaw. IQ 3 a dr ven shaft pagall el'to the aznso le sa; m ravmg shagtand a driven element rigid]; seciired to said dr ven shaft, an interposed nie'mbexg with the; surfaces. of which sa d lements contact, rol er i n to the 'shaft axes, mo ln ted on ons of said elements and .trahsmi tlng; motion to the otheriof said elements, and means; fOlf ,chani 1n the xial, nplinshene said :rql n t re ationto the su ace of Whi htheye nQact to change the an ,throu yvhic h'the, resolution!) ,foree ise ted,f or thepnrpose setforth; i i v v n peed chad .ing mechanism, of'the character .desigpflgina driving shaft and a driving veleJneIm rigidly secured thereto, a driven shaft 'having itsvaxis parallel to the a-xis of the said, dr ving shaft, and a riv element rigidly securedto said, dr ven shaft an interposed' member with thesurfaces 0 which said elements contaet, rollers inclined to the shaft axes, mounted on one of said elements and transmitting motion to the other of saidelem ents, and "means for changing the axial incl nation of said rollers with relation to theineontaotna l engagenrent with one or. both :of saidjelegnents to ,chan' e the angle-thron th gh theresol ption'o force 18 e e ted, drama-P2 19051: d crihad 3. In speed eha iggmeqart ern of. the

character dos ai ,m eomln ion a driving. shaft" with iii ing i gmfs iq y s cured, thereto a driven ,shafthgvm i axis parallel to the axis of said drivmg s ft and adriven element rigidlyattaehedto said dr ve shaflfl' a t ansmit i g. element interr dib s ee esw es- 2 xe -ad t s itl d iyme and ea new and said intenmediate tran sn itting p "t and means for. hanggn t e ax ahm hnationof said rollers as eated to their mpheral engagementwith theother pfartgf for the purpose described;

4.111 speed ch'a character designate 1n oomblnation, a drivingh shaftand afjd riiing element rigidly attac, ed thereto, a dlgven shaft ,ha its axis ne ,tothe oi the said drivmg shaft and a driven ,elern'ent rigidly attached to said driven shaft, said shafts beingeccentrically mounted as elated to eachother thereby L g; ehe i m the forming a crescentiq space between said driving and driven elements, an intermediate transmitting member mounted eccentrically with relation to the driving and driven elements and contacting with the said intermediate transmitting member, rollers interposed between said driving and driven elements, and means for shifting the latter to alter its contactual relation with the axes of said rollers, for the purpose described.

5. In speed changing mechanism of the character designated, in combination, a driving shaft and a driving element rigidly attached thereto, a driven shaft having its axis parallel to the axis of the said driving shaft and a driven element rigidly attached to said driven shaft, said shafts being eccentrically mounted as related to each other thereby forming a crescentie space I between said driving and driven elements, an intermediate transmitting member mounted eccentrically with relation to the driving and driven elements and contacting with the said intermediate transmitting member, rollers interposed between said driving and driven elements, means for shifting the latter to alter its contaetural relation with the axesof said rollers, and means for setting and holding it positively in prescribed positions, for the purpose described.

6. In speed changing mechanism of the character designated, in combination. a. driving shaft and a driving element rigidly attached thereto, a driven shaft having its axis parallel to the axis of the said driving shaft and a driven element rigidly attached to said driven shaft, a transmitting element inter posed between them, a plurality of axially inclined rollers mounted on the driving element and contacting with the intermediate transmitting element, a plurality of axially inclined rollers mounted on the driven element and contacting with said intermediate transmitting element, the axes of the rollers on the driving element being oppositely inclined as related to the axes of the rollers on the driven element, and means for shifting the intermediate element so as to alter its contactual relation with both of the opposed sets of rollers, for the purpose described.

FRED E. ROGERS.

Witnesses:

GEO. WM. MlA'rr, DOROTHY MIA'I'I. 

